Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC)

 

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Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC), Vol. 5, No. 3, 93-102 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1545109706290171
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Significance of Variation Within HIV, EBV, and KSHV Subtypes

Justin Stebbing, MA, MRCP, PhD

Tom Powles, MD, MRCP

Mark Nelson, MD, FRCP

Departments of HIV Medicine and Oncology, The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom

Mark Bower, PhD, FRCP

Departments of HIV Medicine and Oncology, The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; m.bower{at}ic.ac.uk

Since their initial transmission to humans, viruses have diversified extensively through recombination and mutation. The presence of intra- and inter-individual viral diversity influences disease progression, drug resistance, and therapy and presumably explains the conflicting results in many studies, including the failure of peptide-based vaccination strategies. Although HIV is a small RNA virus, coin-fection with large DNA viruses, notably the oncogenic{gamma}herpesviridae human herpesvirus-8 and Epstein Barr virus, is common. This coinfection occurs secondary to immunosuppression and shared transmission routes with high-risk predisposing behavior. In addition, all 3 of these viruses can lead to chronic infections, long periods of latency, and reactivation characterized by pain and suffering. The efficient targeting of their genetic diversity represents one of the major challenges in their control, both in prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. An understanding of diversity will help delineate whether population-specific vaccine strategies are necessary.

Key Words: HIV • HHV-8 • KSHV • EBV • clade • subtype • antiretroviral medications • superinfection


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